Sometimes experiments radically change our understanding of the world. But there’s much more to them than singular scientists. In this episode of Crash Course Scientific Thinking, we’ll learn why Louis Pasteur wasn’t a lone genius, and why it’s very difficult to design a study that gets us closer to the truth. Introduction: A Lone Genius 00:00 The Scientific Community 0:32 Louis Pasteur & Germ Theory 1:20 Pasteur's Next Experiments 3:55 Observational Science 6:08 Ethical Experimentation 7:57 Review & Credits 9:34 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kv2_mFsDxQURuFDxpflD45dy-pCxlqnM9iPSNYxigmQ/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.vk5i2fgqyumq *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mitch Gresko, Roger Harms, Brandon Thomas, Ken Davidian, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Johnathan Williams, Chelsea S, oranjeez, EllenBryn, Katrix , Evan Nelson, Shruti S, UwU, Leah H., Allison Wood, Thomas Sully, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, Quinn Harden, Chuck Smith, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Rie Ohta, Jason Terpstra, NassauLinda, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Gina Mancuso, Elizabeth LaBelle, DexcilaDou, Barbara Pettersen, SpaceRangerWes, Emily Beazley, David Fanska, Reed Spilmann, Pietro Gagliardi, Jason Rostoker, Toni Miles, Les Aker, Alex Hackman, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, team dorsey, Rizwan Kassim, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Triad Terrace, Duncan W Moore IV, Matt Curls, ClareG, Emily T, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Barrett, Bernardo Garza, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Ian Dundore, Thomas, Trevin Beattie, Steve Segreto, Joseph Ruf, Nathan Taylor, Constance Urist, Jason Buster, Stephen Akuffo, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Perry Joyce, Ken Penttinen, Tanner Hedrick, Scott Harrison, Jennifer Killen, Breanna Bosso, Alan Bridgeman, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Samantha, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids