Rescue crews in Afghanistan are searching for survivors and bodies among the rubble of houses destroyed by devastating flash floods that authorities said had killed nearly two dozen people and left more than 100 people missing.

The Afghanistan national disaster management authority said on Tuesday that 23 people had died, 80 had been injured and more than 100 were missing after floods struck the eastern province of Nuristan on Monday, causing an undetermined number of buildings to collapse. The provincial capital city of Parun was among the areas affected, authorities said.

More extreme weather has been forecast, with heavy rain, thunderstorms, strong winds accompanied by dust and sand, and flash floods predicted in 10 of the country’s 34 provinces, the ministry of transport and civil aviation’s meteorology department said on Monday evening. The ministry warned people to avoid riverbanks and other areas at risk of flooding.

Residents and rescue workers clear debris in Parun, Nuristan province. Photograph: EPA

Afghanistan is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events, with snow and heavy rain that trigger flash floods, often killing dozens or even hundreds of people at a time. In 2024, more than 300 people died in springtime flash floods. Earlier this year, at least 110 people were killed by widespread flooding and landslides in several parts of the country.

Decades of conflict, along with poor infrastructure, a struggling economy, deforestation and the intensifying effects of climate breakdown have amplified the impact of such disasters, particularly in remote areas where many homes are built of mud and offer limited protection against sudden deluges or heavy snowfall.