These mountains, while looking seemingly harmless, once nearly caused the extinction of all life on Earth. And, they were also responsible for the hottest temperatures Earth has experienced in the last 2 billion years. This is the story of the Siberian Traps, the Putorana Plateau, and the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction Event which is also known as the "Great Dying". If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links: (Patreon: http://patreon.com/geologyhub) (YouTube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYeGh5VML5XPr5jYnzh3J6g/join) (Gemstone & Mineral Etsy store: http://prospectingarizona.etsy.com) (GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: http://geologyhub.etsy.com) Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes. Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image): CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode Sources/Citations: [1] Li, S., Li, Y., Zhang, Y. et al. Remnant of the late Permian superplume that generated the Siberian Traps inferred from geomagnetic data. Nat Commun 14, 1311 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37053-3, CC BY 4.0. [2] Wikipedia, Text in article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian%E2%80%93Triassic_extinction_event, CC BY-SA 4.0. 0:00 Siberian Traps 1:29 Siberian Traps Extent 2:14 Mantle Plume 3:31 Cold & Hot Cycle 5:36 Other Flood Basalts